“Translation as Innovation: Bridging the Sciences and the Humanities” was the theme of the second biennial conference coordinated through a partnership between the Center for Translation Studies at the University of Illinois and the Centre d’Études sur la Traduction at the University of Paris Denis-Diderot. The proceedings of that conference, collected here, examine the role of translation in the transmission of knowledge, particularly in the sciences, recognizing translation as a non-neutral activity and instead as an act that may enhance topic awareness or even generate debate.