GAIA-TROP project contributes to identify and analyze socio-technical conditions for the implementation of agroecological transition in the French Caribbean. We wonder about adaptive capacities of these areas facing exacerbated global changes. The move from a high-yield farming system to a more viable farming system based on natural resources and social interactions has become one of the major issue and challenge for agronomic research. The FAO (2010) supports the end of the productionist model and claims for “smart agriculture” principles which are environmentally friendly. In this context, agroecological transition may be considered as a privileged pathway. Our approach assumes that this transition comes from the ability of all stakeholders (farmers and institutional stakeholders) to build a common paradigm on farming systems’ viability. This can be initiated through participatory approaches leading each stakeholder to transform their production systems. Our aim is to create a decision support tool dedicated to agriculture in an island context in order to better understand agrosystems. This tool will help decisions to ensure viability in the reality of global changes and other types of uncertainty.