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Poster De Conférence Année : 2013

Alterations in ileal and colonic permeability by chronic intake of high-lipid diets enriched with omega-3, omega-6 or saturated fat

Résumé

Gut permeability is a key function often incriminated in the development of local and systemic inflammation. Chronic consumption of high-fat diets leads to obesity and inflammation. Data in mice revealed a causal increase in intestinal permeability to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that may be responsible for adipose tissue development and inflammation (Cani et al, 2009). Whether intestinal or colonic barrier can be modulated by omega-6 (O6) or omega-3 (O3) PUFA in the context of high-fat diet-induced obesity is poorly understood. Intestinal epithelial barrier in vitro is strengthened by both O6 and O3 fatty acids. In vivo, rats chronically fed high fat diets enriched in PUFA did not show different paracellular permeabilities in the jejunum, compared to rats fed a diet rich in saturated fat. Whether colonic permeability is altered has not been reported. We hypothesized that PUFA-enriched diets modulate gut permeability differentially according to permeability pathway and gut site. This hypothesis was tested in 16 obese adult minipigs fed for 2 months with iso-protein and iso-calorie high-fat (12%) diets based on lard (saturated fat, S), sunflower oil (rich in O6), or fish oil (rich in O3). Ileal and colonic mucosa were collected and both para- and trans-cellular permeability were investigated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 and horseradish peroxidase in Ussing chambers. Gut permeability was assessed without and with an inflammatory challenge (E. coli LPS added at 0.1 and 10 μg/ml). After two months of regimen, body weight was not different between diet groups. Ileal mucosa density was not affected by the diet. Ileal permeability to FD4 was not influenced by the diet in the basal state but it tended to be higher with O3 compared to O6 diet after LPS challenge (e.g. with LPS 0.1 μg/ml: 1272 ± 389, 775 ± 355 and 1723 ± 389) ng/cm2/h; P = 0.095). Interestingly, basal colonic permeability to FD4 was higher with O3 compared to O6 diet (692 ± 165, 509 ± 150 and 1032 ± 165 ng/cm2/h for diets based on saturated, O6 and O3 FA, respectively; P,0.05). Dietary treatments did not affect basal ileal or colonic permeability to HRP. However, both ileal and colonic permeability to HRP tended to be higher with O3 than O6 diet after LPS challenge. Our data indicate that gut permeability is modulated by dietary FA source regionally and according to permeability pathway. Para-cellular permeability in the colon (but not in the ileum) was affected in the basal state by diet FA composition. Surprisingly, it was higher with the O3 as compared to O6-enriched diet. The same trends for differences between O3 and O6 diets on para- or trans-cellular permeability were also revealed under inflammatory condition.
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hal-01595089 , version 1 (03-06-2020)

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Jean Paul Lalles, Cécile Perrier, David Val-Laillet, Charles-Henri Malbert. Alterations in ileal and colonic permeability by chronic intake of high-lipid diets enriched with omega-3, omega-6 or saturated fat. Digestive disease week, May 2013, Orlando, United States. Gastroenterology, 144 (5) (Suppl.1), 2013, Gastroenterology. ⟨10.1016/S0016-5085(13)63111-X⟩. ⟨hal-01595089⟩

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