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Poster De Conférence Année : 2008

Lexique LSF

Résumé

* The French Sign Language (LSF) was banned in 1880 from all teaching institutions. From then on, it continued expanding in an uncoordinated way throughout special schools. In 1991, a new French law allowed deaf people to choose a bilingual education (French and sign language), and since February 2005 each school is required to integrate every devoted child who wishes it, no matter his handicap. All public websites must also become accessible. With this new context, the LSF grows using regional differences, and users invent new signs to translate new concepts. However, the sign language cannot count on traditional media to spread out new expressions or words, since it is nor spoken nor written. Therefore the sign vocabulary differs depending on geographical and social situations, furthermore if the concept is specific and elaborate. The website LexiqueLSF wishes to propose users a contributing and efficient tool, allowing a large diffusion of new signs and concepts. A short analysis of the existing supports will lead us to present the main issues and to describe precisely the technical and linguistic solutions we chose, as well as some of the problems we met. Likewise, all the elements composing the website should be considered as a concept in order to imagine complete accessibility to deaf people, and not only to blind people. We do not wish to make a simple dictionary. Our aim is to allow exchanges between users, to encourage them to invent and spread neologisms, and to make sure that the represented concepts are clear and understandable. Publishing a new notion requires to create a number of descriptors (in French and in sign language, illustrations, examples... ) and to relate this notion to others already existing (opposite or similar concepts...). Each new sign proposed will be completely described, therefore it can easily be appropriated. Thanks to this organization, the same concept can be shown in different ways depending on the role it must play in context (classification, illustration, rendering, etc.). One of the most important design patterns is the possibility of dynamically changing the classification system. Users will be able to choose various descriptors to build a classification view. A reliable, but not compulsory, validation system will guarantee only serious suggestions. Three steps are needed: grammatical validation, sign validation (both require experts) and community validation. Our production is thus very different from already existing paper or digital dictionaries, containing only everyday life vocabulary and almost no definitions, nor use examples. The best ones sort words according to the space location and configuration of the sign, but do not recognise morphological variations. Let us also observe that these dictionaries are not ”bilingual” since they are accessible only to French speakers. There are two discursive enunciation strategies according to (Cuxac, 2000). Signer may choose to show without saying, or to say in showing. In the future LexiqueLSF will try to manage both of this kind of signs: standards signs from dictionary and structures having a great iconic representation from morphemic elements.
La langue des signes française (LSF) a été interdite en 1880 dans tous les établissements de formation. Elle a cependant continué à se développer de manière non coordonnée dans les écoles spécialisées. En 1991, une nouvelle loi française a réhabilité la LSF en permettant aux sourds de suivre leur formation en français et en LSF. De plus, depuis 2005, chaque école est maintenant tenue d'intégrer tout étudiant, quelque soit son handicap, si celui-ci en fait la demande. A cette intégration s'ajoute l'obligation de rendre accessible les sites internet publics. Dans ce nouveau contexte, la LSF se développe régionalement ou localement, ses utilisateurs étant amenés à inventer de nouveaux signes pour traduire de nouveaux concepts. Cela s'explique en partie par la nature même de cette langue, qui ne dispose pas facilement d'outils de diffusion adéquats (média) pour propager à l'échelle nationale ou internationale ce nouveau vocabulaire. Les disparités régionales sont d'autant plus fortes que le concept est spécifique ou élaboré. Le site LexiqueLSF a pour but de limiter ces disparités en proposant aux utilisateurs pratiquant la LSF un outil collaboratif efficace, permettant la diffusion massive de nouveaux concepts et de leur(s) signe(s) associés. Nous proposons tout d'abord dans cet article une brève analyse de l'existant, puis une description des solutions techniques et linguistiques mises en oeuvre dans LexiqueLSF pour répondre aux problématiques exposées plus haut. Nous exposons également les difficultés auxquelles nous avons du faire face, notamment en ce qui concerne l'accessibilité complète du site aux personnes sourdes.
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Dates et versions

hal-01583356 , version 1 (07-09-2017)

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  • HAL Id : hal-01583356 , version 1

Citer

Cédric Moreau, Bruno Mascret. Lexique LSF. Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2008, 6th edition), 3rd workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages:Construction and Exploitation of Sign Language Corpora, May 2008, Palais des Congrès Mansour Eddahbi, Marrakech, Maroc, Morocco. 2008. ⟨hal-01583356⟩
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