PLATO as it is: a legacy mission for Galactic archaeology
2 SAC - Stellar Astrophysics Centre [Aarhus]
3 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus]
4 AIP - Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam
5 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
6 RSAA - Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra]
7 Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australian National University
8 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
9 Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
10 Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile
11 UDP - Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago - Chili]
12 MSSL - Mullard Space Science Laboratory
13 CAL - Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory
14 CUMC - Columbia University Medical Center
15 LASTRO - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique [Versoix]
16 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
17 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei"
18 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
19 STAR - Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute
20 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
21 DLR Institut für Planetenforschung
22 IAC - Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
23 Departamento de Astrofísica [La laguna]
24 CAUP - Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto
25 DFA/FCUP - Departamento de Física e Astronomia [Porto]
26 GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation
27 IAG-USP - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [Universidade de São Paulo]
28 Department of Astronomy [New Haven]
29 NYUAD Center for Space Science
30 ObAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
31 Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics
32 The University of Sydney
33 SISSA / ISAS - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati = International School for Advanced Studies [Trieste]
34 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
35 Georg-August-University of Goettingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
36 Institut für Astrophysik [Göttingen]
37 INAF - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica [Rome]
38 DASC - Danish AsteroSeismology Centre
39 LERMA - LERMA Cergy
40 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique
41 Collège de France - Chaire Galaxies et cosmologie
42 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
43 Universidade de Aveiro = University of Aveiro
44 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
45 Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi"
46 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
47 SAAO - South African Astronomical Observatory
48 Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven]
49 IAPS - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF
50 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
51 Lund Observatory
52 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
53 MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
54 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
55 New York University [Abu Dhabi]
56 Uppsala University
57 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala U.]
58 SIfA - Sydney Institute for Astronomy
59 SETI Institute - Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute
60 Institute for Astronomy [Honolulu]
61 ISU - Iowa State University
62 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa State U.]
63 Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston]
64 UTINAM - Univers, Théorie, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213)
65 IPR - Institut de Physique de Rennes
66 Department of Astronomy [Charlottesville]
67 ARI - Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool]
68 SSI - Space Science Institute [Boulder]
69 Department of Astronomy [Columbus]
70 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
71 INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa]
72 Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy
73 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
74 Astrophysical Research Institute [Liverpool]
75 Instituto de Física [Brasilia]
76 ICE-CSIC - Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona]
77 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
78 UNSW - University of New South Wales [Sydney]
79 AIP - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
80 OAR - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
81 OACT - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
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Résumé
Deciphering the assembly history of the Milky Way is a formidable task, which becomes possible only if one can produce high-resolution chrono-chemo-kinematical maps of the Galaxy. Data from large-scale astrometric and spectroscopic surveys will soon provide us with a well-defined view of the current chemo-kinematical structure of the Milky Way, but will only enable a blurred view on the temporal sequence that led to the present-day Galaxy. As demonstrated by the (ongoing) exploitation of data from the pioneering photometric missions CoRoT, Kepler, and K2, asteroseismology provides the way forward: solar-like oscillating giants are excellent evolutionary clocks thanks to the availability of seismic constraints on their mass and to the tight age-initial-mass relation they adhere to. In this paper we identify five key outstanding questions relating to the formation and evolution of the Milky Way that will need precise and accurate ages for large samples of stars to be addressed, and we identify the requirements in terms of number of targets and the precision on the stellar properties that are needed to tackle such questions. By quantifying the asteroseismic yields expected from PLATO for red-giant stars, we demonstrate that these requirements are within the capabilities of the current instrument design, provided that observations are sufficiently long to identify the evolutionary state and allow robust and precise determination of acoustic-mode frequencies. This will allow us to harvest data of sufficient quality to reach a 10% precision in age. This is a fundamental pre-requisite to then reach the more ambitious goal of a similar level of accuracy, which will only be possible if we have to hand a careful appraisal of systematic uncertainties on age deriving from our limited understanding of stellar physics, a goal which conveniently falls within the main aims of PLATO's core science.
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