Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are the factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. These materials are obtained from the processing of hemp, flax, miscanthus, pine, maize, sunflower and bamboo. The work of the Technical Committee (TC 236-BBM) was dedicated to the study of construction materials made from plant particles. Are concerned building materials containing as main raw material renewable, recyclable and easily available plant particles. However, the work was relatively centred on hemp because hemp shiv is the bio-aggregate that is the most widely used in building materials and the most studied in the literature. This state-of-the-art report reflects the current knowledge on the assessment of the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of bio-aggregate and vegetal concrete. It presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials. The first five chapters relate to the description of the vegetal aggregate. Then, hygrothermal properties, fire resistance, durability and finally the impact of the variability of the method of production of bio-based concrete are assessed on Chaps. 7-9.