Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion - Archive ouverte HAL
Article Dans Une Revue EMBO Journal Année : 2016

Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion

Résumé

Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other glial cells through the release of signalling molecules. Astrocytes secrete a wide array of classic neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones, as well as metabolic, trophic and plastic factors, all of which contribute to the gliocrine system. The release of neuroactive substances from astrocytes occurs through several distinct pathways that include diffusion through plasmalemmal channels, translocation by multiple transporters and regulated exocytosis. As in other eukaryotic cells, exocytotic secretion from astrocytes involves divergent secretory organelles (synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, exosomes and ectosomes), which differ in size, origin, cargo, membrane composition, dynamics and functions. In this review, we summarize the features and functions of secretory organelles in astrocytes. We focus on the biogenesis and trafficking of secretory organelles and on the regulation of the exocytotic secretory system in the context of healthy and diseased astrocytes.

Dates et versions

hal-01474303 , version 1 (22-02-2017)

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Citer

Alexei Verkhratsky, Michela Matteoli, Vladimir Parpura, Jean-Pierre Mothet, Robert Zorec. Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion. EMBO Journal, 2016, 35 (3), pp.239--257. ⟨10.15252/embj.201592705⟩. ⟨hal-01474303⟩

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