Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation
2 University of Leeds
3 HIP - Helsinki Institute of Physics
4 PSI - Paul Scherrer Institute
5 IAU - Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Frankfurt/Main]
6 CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
7 NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
8 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
9 UEF - University of Eastern Finland = Itä-Suomen Yliopisto = Östra Finlands universitet
10 ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau]
11 PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523
12 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
13 UBI - University of Beira Interior [Portugal]
14 Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik - Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics [Innsbruck]
15 Ionicon Analytik GmbH
16 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology
17 WSL - WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF [Davos]
18 KOPRI - Korea Polar Research Institute
19 Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory [Moscow]
20 NCEO - NERC National Centre for Earth Observation
21 Faculty of Physics [Univ, Vienna]
22 CAPS - Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies [Pittsburgh]
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Résumé
The magnitude of aerosol radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions depends on the baseline state of the atmosphere under Q:11 pristine preindustrial conditions. Measurements in the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) CLOUD chamber show that particle formation in atmospheric conditions can occur solely from Q:12 biogenic vapors. Here, we evaluate the potential effect of this source of particles on preindustrial cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentrations and aerosol cloud radiative forcing over the industrial period. Model simulations show that the pure biogenic particle formation mechanism has a much larger relative effect on CCN concentrations in the preindustrial atmosphere than in the present atmosphere because of the lower aerosol concentrations. Consequently, preindustrial cloud albedo is increased more than under present day conditions, and therefore, the cooling forcing of anthropogenic aerosols is reduced. Q:13 The mechanism increases CCN concentrations by 20–100% over a large fraction of the preindustrial lower atmosphere, and the magnitude of annual global mean radiative forcing caused by changes of cloud albedo since 1750 is reduced by 0.22 W m−² (27%) to −0.60 W m−². Model uncertainties, relatively slow formation rates, and limited available ambient measurements make it difficult to establish the significance of a mechanism that has its dominant effect under preindustrial conditions. Our simulations predict more particle formation in the Amazon than is observed. However, the first observation of pure organic nucleation has now been reported for the free troposphere. Given the potentially significant effect on anthropogenic forcing, effort should be made to better understand such naturally driven aerosol processes.
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