Waste, pollutants and nanomaterials: recovery, depollution, environmental and toxicological impacts The lifestyles, consumption patterns and industrial and agricultural methods of our societies have an impact on surface environments (water, soil, atmosphere). Of those impacts, we focus on studying the dissemination of metallic pollutants, the ever-increasing waste production, and the recent and growing industrial use of new materials: nanoparticles. In order to take up this scientific challenge, it is essential to understand and explain the behaviour of pollutants in surface environments, notably in a context of waste recycling, to describe interactions between living organisms and nanoparticles and to propose novel solutions for pollution treatments, using for example the surface properties of nanoparticles. Synchrotron radiation is a major and essential tool to unlock the knowledge we are lacking. It allows to access to information on a molecular scale and thereby decipher the speciation of contaminants.