Effects of training and detraining on adiponectin plasma concentration and muscle sensitivity in lean and overweight men
Résumé
Purpose To delineate the direct effect of physical activity
on adiponectin metabolism, we investigated the impact of
contrasted physical activity changes, independent of body
mass changes, on adiponectin plasma concentration and
muscle sensitivity in lean and overweight adult males.
Methods Eleven physically active lean men (70.6 ± 2.1 kg)
were subjected to 1-month detraining; 9 sedentary lean
men (73.1 ± 3.3 kg); and 11 sedentary overweight men
(97.5 ± 3.0 kg) participated in a 2-month aerobic-exercise
training program. Diet was controlled to maintain stable
energy balance. Body composition, VO2peak, circulating
adiponectin, adipose and muscle tissue adiponectin, muscle
adiponectin receptors, and APPL1 mRNAs were measured
before and after the interventions.
Results At baseline, plasma high-molecular-weight
adiponectin concentration was lower in both active
lean (5.44 ± 0.58 μg/mL) and sedentary overweigh (5.30 ± 1.06 μg/mL) than in sedentary lean participants
(7.44 ± 1.06 μg/mL; both p < 0.05). Training reduced total
and high-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations
by, respectively, −32 and −42 % in sedentary lean, and
−26 and −35 % in sedentary overweight, while detraining
increased them by +25 and +27 % in active lean participants.
Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin
changes were inversely correlated with VO2peak changes
(respectively, R2 = 0.45, R2 = 0.59; both p < 0.001) and
positively with changes in fasting plasma insulin (both
p < 0.05). Muscle and adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA
did not differ between groups and with interventions. Muscle
AdipoR2 and APPL1 mRNAs were lower in sedentary
groups compared with the active group; and were positively
associated with VO2peak and inversely with fasting plasma
insulin concentration.
Conclusion Plasma adiponectin concentration is inversely
correlated with aerobic capacity. Future investigations will
need to confirm the contribution of changes in muscle adiponectin
sensitivity.