Bacillus cereus cell response upon exposure to acid environment: toward the identification of potential biomarkers.
Résumé
Microorganismsareabletoadapttodifferentenvironmentsandevolverapidly,allowingthemtocopewiththeirnewenvironments.Suchadaptiveresponseandassociatedprotectionstowardotherlethalstresses,isacrucialsurvivalstrategyforawidespectrumofmicroorganisms,includingfoodspoilagebacteria,pathogens,andorganismsusedinfunctionalfoodapplications.Thegrowingdemandforminimalprocessedfoodyieldstoanincreasinguseofcombinationofhurdlesormildpreservationfactorsinthefoodindustry.AcommonlyusedhurdleislowpHwhichallowsthedecreaseinbacterialgrowthratebutalsotheinactivationofpathogensorspoilagemicroorganisms.Bacilluscereusisawell-knownfood bornepathogenleadingtoeconomicalandsafetyissuesinfoodindustry.Becausesurvivalmechanismsimplementedwillallowbacteriatocopewithenvironmentalchanges,itisimportanttoprovideunderstandingofB.cereusstressresponse.ThusthisreviewdealswiththeadaptivetraitsofB.cereuscellsfacingtoacidstressconditions.TheacidstressresponseofB.cereuscouldbedividedintofourgroups(i)generalstressresponse(ii)pHhomeostasis,(iii)metabolicmodificationsandalkaliproductionand(iv)secondaryoxidativestressresponse.ThiscurrentknowledgemaybeusefultounderstandhowB.cereuscellsmaycopetoacidenvironmentsuchasencounteredinfoodproductsandthustofindsomemolecularbiomarkersofthebacterialbehavior.Thesebiomarkerscouldbefurthermoreusedtodevelopnewmicrobialbehaviorpredictiontoolswhichcanprovideinsightsintounderlyingmolecularphysiologicalstateswhichgovernthebehaviorofmicroorganismsandthusopeningtheavenuetowardthedetectionofstressadaptivebehavio