From an unprecedented experiment using airborne measurements performed over the rich forests of Réunion Island, this paper aims to present a methodology for the classification of diverse tropical forest biomes as retrieved from vertical profiles measured using a full-waveform LiDAR. This objective is met through the retrieval of both the canopy height and the Leaf Area Index (LAI), obtained as an integral of the foliage profile. The campaign involved sites ranging from coastal to rain forest, including tropical montane cloud forest, as found on the Bélouve plateau. The mean values of estimated LAI retrieved from the apparent foliage profile are between ~5 and 8 m 2 /m 2 , and the mean canopy height values are ~15 m for both tropical montane cloud and rain forests. Good agreement is found between LiDAR-and MODIS-derived LAI for moderate LAI (~5 m 2 /m 2), but the LAI retrieved from LiDAR is larger than MODIS on thick rain forest sites (~8 against ~6 m 2 /m 2 from MODIS). Regarding the characterization of tropical forest biomes, we show that the rain and montane tropical forests can be well distinguished from planted forests by the use of the parameters directly retrieved from LiDAR measurements.