Differential uniformity and second order derivatives for generic polynomials
Résumé
For any polynomial $f$ of ${\mathbb F}_{2^n}[x]$ we introduce the following characteristic of the distribution of its second order derivative, which extends the differential uniformity notion: $$\delta^2(f):=\max_{\substack{ \alpha \in {\mathbb F}_{2^n}^{\ast} ,\alpha' \in {\mathbb F}_{2^n}^{\ast} ,\beta \in {\mathbb F}_{2^n} \\ \alpha\not=\alpha'}} \sharp\{x\in{\mathbb F}_{2^n} \mid D_{\alpha,\alpha'}^2f(x)=\beta\}$$ where $D_{\alpha,\alpha'}^2f(x):=D_{\alpha'}(D_{\alpha}f(x))=f(x)+f(x+\alpha)+f(x+\alpha')+f(x+\alpha+\alpha')$ is the second order derivative. Our purpose is to prove a density theorem relative to this quantity, which is an analogue of a density theorem proved by Voloch for the differential uniformity.
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