Adaptation des systèmes d'élevage bovins au changement climatique : intérêts, limites et perspectives des approches de modélisation
Résumé
Model-based approaches developed by research are essential for envisaging long term scenarios for adapting livestock systems to climate change. This article provides an overview of current approaches: plot scale modules (based on nitrogen fertilization, irrigation, and grassland management) makes it possible to adapt crop management sequence to pedoclimatic conditions and to compare the advantages of different genotypes, varieties and multi-species grassland; forage system modules can be used to determine land area for use as meadow land and pastureland or to adapt the calendar for herd nutrition. Limits to this approach as well as directions for progression (improved efficiency and implementation, approach focused on the specificities of individual livestock systems and/or geographical area) are discussed.