Pest risk assessment made by France on Citrus yellow mosaic virus or Citrus mosaic badnavirus considered by France as harmful in the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Rapport Année : 2008

Pest risk assessment made by France on Citrus yellow mosaic virus or Citrus mosaic badnavirus considered by France as harmful in the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health

David Makowski

Résumé

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the simplified[1] pest risk assessment conducted by France on Citrus yellow mosaic virus or Citrus mosaic badnavirus, with French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion considered as endangered area. The Panel will use the internationally accepted name of Citrus mosaic virus (CMBV) in the following text. CMBV is a member of the family Caulimoviridae, genus Badnavirus, which causes a mosaic disease in citrus that has been termed citrus mosaic disease or citrus yellow mosaic disease. This virus is currently restricted to India. The causal agent is transmitted by grafting and experimentally, by mechanical inoculation and by the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso). CMBV causes mosaic and yellow flecking along the veins of the leaves. Trees affected by the disease not only show significant yield reduction, but also a decrease in the quality of fruits (less juice and ascorbic acid). The virus can infect and cause symptoms in almost all citrus species and cultivars. The Panel examined in detail the risk assessment provided, and considered the accuracy and quality of the information provided and methods applied for pest risk assessment purposes. The review was based on the principles and terminology of the International Standard on Phytosanitary Measures ISPM No. 11[2] [Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms (2004)] and the terminology of ISPM No. 5 [Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms (2007)] by the International Plant Protection Convention (FAO, 2007b). The French document concludes that the phytosanitary risk associated with CMBV and citrus mosaic disease is low to moderate. The Panel notes that the main concern highlighted in the French document relates to the uncertainty in the regulatory status of CMBV, caused by past confusion in taxonomy. An analysis of the French document, the references cited in it and additional literature consulted by the Panel, has allowed the Panel to reach to following conclusions: * Citrus mosaic virus (CMBV) is the causal agent of a mosaic disease in citrus that has been termed citrus mosaic disease or citrus yellow mosaic disease. It is listed (Annex IIAI) in Directive 2000/29/EC as Citrus mosaic virus but has been previously known as Citrus yellow mosaic virus or Citrus mosaic badnavirus. * CMBV is a well characterised Badnavirus and there are reliable molecular methods available to distinguish it from another virus causing mosaic symptoms in citrus, Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV), a Sadwavirus which was previously referred to as Citrus mosaic virus (CiMV) and is also listed in Directive 2000/29/EC. * CMBV occurs in India, but not in the PRA area[3] nor in other citrus-growing regions worldwide. * The known host range of the CMBV is limited to Citrus spp. * The main pathway of entry in the PRA area is through the import from India of citrus plants or budwood for multiplication. * There is no demonstration that CMBV is spread in nature by its experimental vector P. citri. Mealybugs are generally considered to be inefficient vectors and spread of CMBV in the PRA area by P. citri is therefore estimated to be of limited potential impact. Substantial uncertainty is however attached to this evaluation. * If CMBV is introduced in the PRA area in infected citrus material, it will remain for at least as long as the infected material is cultivated and propagated. * Citrus mosaic disease can cause severe losses in sweet orange, mandarins, pummelo and grapefruit orchards and in ornamental citrus plants, but not in lime. It therefore has the potential to cause significant damage to the citrus growing industry of the various French overseas departments under consideration. The overall conclusion of the Panel is that CMBV could pose a risk to citrus production in the French overseas departments and that this pathogen is listed (in Annex IIAI) of Directive 2000/29/EC as Citrus mosaic virus
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Dates et versions

hal-01173705 , version 1 (07-07-2015)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-01173705 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 29403

Citer

R. Baker, D. Caffier, J.W. Choiseul, P. de Clercq, E. Dormannsne-Simon, et al.. Pest risk assessment made by France on Citrus yellow mosaic virus or Citrus mosaic badnavirus considered by France as harmful in the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health. [0] European Commission. 2008, 16 p. ⟨hal-01173705⟩
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