The objective of this study was to determine if administration of a set dose (10 mu g) of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, buserelin (Receptal; Rc), at set times after altrenogest (Regumate; RU) treatment or after weaning was able to induce and synchronize ovulation in female swine (gilts and sows). The pubertal (n = 187) gilts were allocated to four groups, all synchronized with RU. Group 1 (RU) was inseminated twice at detected estrus, Group 2 (RU+Rc120) and Group 4 (RU+Rc104) received 10 mu g Rc at 120 or 104 h after the end of RU treatment, respectively, and Group 3 (RU+eCG+Rc104) was treated with 800 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at 24 h and Re 104 h after the end of RU treatment, respectively. Gilts were inseminated twice at predetermined times, namely 144 and 168 h (Group 2), 128 and 144 h (Group 3), and 144 and 152 h (Group 4) after the end of RU treatment, respectively. Pregnant gilts were slaughtered at 30 d. Administration of Re 104 h after the end of RU feeding synchronized ovulation over a 24-h time window in 97.9% and 100% of the gilts of Groups 3 and 4, respectively, whereas Re administration at 120 h (Group 2) only successfully synchronized 88.9% of the gilts over 24 h. Ovulation rates of gilts of Groups 2 and 4 were similar to that of the control group. Pregnancy rates were numerically higher in Groups 2 and 3 (92% and 96%, respectively) compared with those of Groups I and 4 (84% and 81%, respectively). Combination of eCG with Re administration at 104 h (Group 3) increased ovulation rate (+4 CL) but decreased embryo survival to 62% at Day 30. The weaned sow experiment involved 61 sows of a range of parities (2.7 +/- 0.9), allocated to two control groups (Control 104 group and Control 94 group) and two treated groups (Re 104 group and Rc94 group), which received 10 mu g Re at 104 and 94 h after weaning, respectively. The females were inseminated at detected estrus. All pregnant sows farrowed. After treatment with Re 94 h after weaning, 100% of sows ovulated over a 24-h time window versus only 68.7% of controls. Farrowing rate and litter size of the sows treated with Re at that time were unaffected compared with that of control sows. In contrast, Re administration at 104 h after weaning may have been too late; only 66.7% of the treated sows ovulated during a 24-h period. This proportion was numerically lower but not significantly different than that for control sows. Farrowing rate and litter size of treated sows were not significantly different than that of controls. Administration of Rc at the dose and times selected in this study tightened synchrony of ovulation in gilts and in sows after weaning. It remains to be established if such a synchrony is suitable to obtain good fertility after a single artificial insemination at a predetermined time.