Biotransformation de déchets halieutiques au Maroc-Essais de production d’un fertilisant biologique
Résumé
Morocco has the advantage of a wealth of resources of organic matter due to the presence of active food industries which generate wastes and by-products available over seasons in varying amounts. The transformation of these wastes, including composting processes, usually generates a new economic source in creating a product that may be used as a soil amendment for agriculture. This study aims at recovering wastes from the fish industry (a strategic economic sector in Morocco) by combining it with a by-product of the sugar industry: molasses. Due to the fermentation potential of added yeasts, only low molasses fractions were required. The compost was monitored for 15 days by measuring different parameters: pH, temperature, conductivity, solids, rate of nitrogen and phosphorus, microbiology. The results show that, composted wastes of Sardina pilchardus, yeast and only 15% of molasses are mature after 8 days. They are odorless, they have a stable pH with favorable hygienic properties and they lack phosphorus and nitrogen alterations otherwise present as a result of bacterial activities. Compost also exerts an intermediate bacteriostatic effect on Pectobacterium atrosepticum bacteria and facilitates the growth of a test barley crop. This allows the product to be used as a fertilizer, which is more interesting than purchasing commercial fertilizers.