On the nucleus structure and activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Holger Sierks
(1)
,
Cesare Barbieri
(2)
,
Philippe L. Lamy
(3)
,
Rafael Rodrigo
(4, 5)
,
Detlef Koschny
(6)
,
Hans Rickman
(7, 8)
,
Horst Uwe Keller
(9, 10)
,
Jessica Agarwal
(1)
,
Michael F. A'Hearn
(1, 11, 12)
,
Francesco Angrilli
(13)
,
Anne-Therese Auger
(3)
,
M. Antonella Barucci
(14)
,
Jean-Loup Bertaux
(15)
,
Ivano Bertini
(16)
,
Sebastien Besse
(17)
,
Dennis Bodewits
(11)
,
Claire Capanna
(3)
,
Gabriele Cremonese
(18)
,
Vania Da Deppo
(19)
,
Björn Davidsson
(7)
,
Stefano Debei
(13)
,
Mariolino De Cecco
(20)
,
Francesca Ferri
(16)
,
Sonia Fornasier
(14)
,
Marco Fulle
(21)
,
Robert Gaskell
(22)
,
Lorenza Giacomini
(16)
,
Olivier Groussin
(3)
,
Pablo Gutierrez-Marques
(1)
,
Pedro J. Gutiérrez
(23)
,
Carsten Güttler
(1)
,
Nick Hoekzema
(1)
,
Stubbe F. Hviid
(10, 1)
,
Wing-Huen Ip
(24, 25, 26)
,
Laurent Jorda
(3)
,
Jörg Knollenberg
(10)
,
Gabor Kovacs
(1)
,
J. Rainer Kramm
(1)
,
Ekkehard Kührt
(10)
,
Michael Küppers
(27)
,
Fiorangela La Forgia
(2)
,
Luisa M. Lara
(23)
,
Monica Lazzarin
(2)
,
Cédric Leyrat
(14)
,
Josè J. Lopez Moreno
(23)
,
Sara Magrin
(2)
,
Simone Marchi
(28)
,
Francesco Marzari
(2)
,
Matteo Massironi
(29, 16)
,
Harald Michalik
(30)
,
Richard Moissl
(27)
,
Stefano Mottola
(10)
,
Giampiero Naletto
(31, 16, 19)
,
Nilda Oklay
(1)
,
Maurizio Pajola
(16)
,
Marco Pertile
(13, 16)
,
Frank Preusker
(10)
,
Lola Sabau
(32)
,
Frank Scholten
(10)
,
Colin Snodgrass
(1)
,
Nicolas Thomas
(33, 34)
,
Cecilia Tubiana
(1)
,
Jean-Baptiste Vincent
(1)
,
Klaus-Peter Wenzel
(6)
,
Mirco Zaccariotto
(13, 16)
,
Martin Pätzold
(35)
1
MPS -
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
2 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei"
3 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
4 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
5 ISSI - International Space Science Institute [Bern]
6 RSSD - Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC
7 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala]
8 CBK - Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences
9 IGEP - Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig]
10 DLR Institute of Planetary Research
11 Department of Astronomy [College Park]
12 Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
13 Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova]
14 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
15 PLANETO - LATMOS
16 CISAS - Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”
17 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
18 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
19 IFN - CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies
20 UNITN - Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento
21 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
22 PSI - Planetary Science Institute [Tucson]
23 IAA - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
24 Institute of Space Science [Taiwan]
25 IANCU - Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan]
26 SSI - Space Science Institute [Macau]
27 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
28 SSERVI - Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
29 Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova]
30 Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze
31 DEI - Department of Information Engineering [Padova]
32 INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
33 CSH - Center for Space and Habitability
34 Physikalisches Institut [Bern]
35 RIU - Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research
2 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei"
3 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
4 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
5 ISSI - International Space Science Institute [Bern]
6 RSSD - Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC
7 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala]
8 CBK - Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences
9 IGEP - Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig]
10 DLR Institute of Planetary Research
11 Department of Astronomy [College Park]
12 Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
13 Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova]
14 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
15 PLANETO - LATMOS
16 CISAS - Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”
17 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
18 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
19 IFN - CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies
20 UNITN - Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento
21 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
22 PSI - Planetary Science Institute [Tucson]
23 IAA - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
24 Institute of Space Science [Taiwan]
25 IANCU - Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan]
26 SSI - Space Science Institute [Macau]
27 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
28 SSERVI - Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
29 Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova]
30 Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze
31 DEI - Department of Information Engineering [Padova]
32 INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
33 CSH - Center for Space and Habitability
34 Physikalisches Institut [Bern]
35 RIU - Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research
Cesare Barbieri
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757032
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6257-9076
Lorenza Giacomini
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-7016-0446
Wing-Huen Ip
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 770404
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5368-386X
Laurent Jorda
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 746464
- IdHAL : laurent-jorda
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8735-3308
- IdRef : 180975161
Michael Küppers
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757030
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5666-8582
Maurizio Pajola
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767226
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3144-1277
Colin Snodgrass
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 759859
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9328-2905
- IdRef : 202450821
Nicolas Thomas
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757031
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0146-0071
Résumé
mages from the OSIRIS scientific imaging system onboard Rosetta show that the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko consists of two lobes connected by a short neck. The nucleus has a bulk density less than half that of water. Activity at a distance from the Sun of >3 astronomical units is predominantly from the neck, where jets have been seen consistently. The nucleus rotates about the principal axis of momentum. The surface morphology suggests that the removal of larger volumes of material, possibly via explosive release of subsurface pressure or via creation of overhangs by sublimation, may be a major mass loss process. The shape raises the question of whether the two lobes represent a contact binary formed 4.5 billion years ago, or a single body where a gap has evolved via mass loss.