This study is characterized by defining the natural state of water resources facilitating the definition of contaminated sites (naturally) and polluted areas (human influence), establishing the concentration of chemical elements such as Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co , F, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, and physicochemical characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, micro resistivity, dissolved oxygen. Fifty selected points along the Sierra Caparaó were used for this portable multipara meter to realize field evaluation and filtering chemicals, and the results were determined by ICP-OES analysis. The results of the chemical elements measurements were consistent with the limits given in the resolution 357/05 for the classification of special water, but in areas influenced by human activities the physical-chemical parameters do not attend this specification. It is possible to ensure that changes in water quality outside the PARNA Caparaó area have anthropogenic reasons.