The structural response of a rectangular cantilevered flexible hydrofoil submitted to various flow regimes is analyzed through an original experiment carried out in a hydrodynamic tunnel at a Reynolds number of 0.75 × 10 6 . The experiment considers static and transient regimes. The latter consists of transient pitching motions at low and fast pitching velocities. The experiments are also performed for cavitating flow. The structural response is analyzed through the measurement of the free foil tip section displacement using a high speed video camera and surface velocity vibrations using a laser doppler vibrometer.In non cavitating flows, it is shown that the structural response is linked to the hydrodynamic loading, which is governed by viscous effects such as laminar to turbulent transition induced by Laminar Separation Bubble (LSB), and stall. It is also observed that the foil elastic displacement depends strongly on the pitching velocity. Large overshoots and hysteresis effect are observed as the pitching velocity increases. Cavitation induces a large increase of the vibration level due to hydrodynamic loading unsteadiness and change of modal response for specific frequencies. The experimental results presented in this paper will help to develop high fidelity fluid–structure interaction models in naval applications.