La fin des oasis d'Asie centrale ? L'émigration des populations oasiennes d'Ouzbékistan, du Tadjikistan et du Kirghizstan
Résumé
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asian oases are involved in a process of integration into the globalization, which varies from one country to another. In a context of strong demographic growth, the agricultural sector is transformed by the de-collectivization of former soviet farms, and by the reorientation of the production decided by authorities in order to satisfy internal demand. The emergence and increase of labor migration from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan was also one of the most significant changes of Central Asian oases, during the post-soviet transition. In contrast with their soviet low mobility, oasis populations have adopted a new territoriality since the mid-1990s: nowadays, several millions migrants from Central Asia work abroad, particularly in Russia, the former metropolis, and in Kazakhstan. Based on field studies, this article analyzes this post-colonial mobility which contributes to the "thirdworldization" and to the "southernization" of Central Asia. It wants also to discuss the idea that the central Asian populations are less and less linked to the irrigated areas, from an economic and social point of view, because of the number of migrants and of the importance of their remittances.
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