In the present study, we examined the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway in the ovine uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. With the use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR, expression of LPAR1 and LPAR3 was analyzed. Both receptors were present in the ovine uterus. Immunolocalization showed that LPAR1 was mainly present in the stroma of the ovine endometrium, whereas LPAR3 was mostly restricted to epithelial compartments. In luminal and glandular epithelia, LPAR1 and LPAR3 levels were affected by pregnancy status, day, or the day-by-status interaction, whereas in stroma the receptors were not modified. Analysis of the whole endometrium from ovariectomized ewes showed that the expression of LPAR3 but not LPAR1 was regulated by the administration of progesterone. However, the examination of receptors at cellular levels showed that progesterone increases LPAR1 and LPAR3 in glandular epithelium and, in a minor extent, in endometrial stroma. Emerging evidence suggests that LPA is an essential component in the estrous cycle and early pregnancy regulation. We demonstrated that LPA induced stress fiber formation in ovine uterine epithelial cells, suggesting that LPA may be involved in cytoskeleton reorganization occurring cyclically in ovine uterus.