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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2015

Brain Machine Interface (BMI) as a tool for understanding human-machine cooperation

Résumé

Ever since the appearance of homo-sapiens, machines have served humans as a "brain nature interface" (BNI) - a means of interacting with nature, including humans and other living beings. The ability to use and manufacture machines has long been taken as proof of human intelligence: 18th century machines and automates and 20th century robots have had a tremendous impact in this sense. An entirely new milestone was achieved with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its promise of revolutionary change: a machine with an artificial brain. Even though this last point has so far remained a dream, AI and its powerful applications have given machines certain learning capacities, provoking discussions in many scientific disciplines. The BMI (Brain Machine Interface), a machine interacting with a biological brain, is another turning point that raises new ethical, philosophical and medical questions and problems. How is the new device and its purpose represented in the brain? What is the limit of brain plasticity induced by a BMI? Which brain areas can and should be sub-served by a BMI? Should BMI tools be considered as therapeutic or enhancing devices, or both? Indeed, BMI-controlled prostheses are not like any other tool: when they affect bodily skills, they strongly interfere with human life and its salient points, such as the opposition/juxtaposition between the characteristics of living beings and technological devices. This chapter will present the state of the art of BMIs and their applications, and will then propose a multidisciplinary framework to discuss the related issues, questions and outcomes by gathering diverse philosophical and engineering points of views. Issues and paradigms to be discussed concern the training time needed to acquire the use of a BMI and its prosthesis, the modifications of the human body and its abilities, the impact of a new modular bodily scheme, the tension between autonomy due to new capacities and dependency on maintenance, the risks of non-egalitarian positions concerning accessibility and social competition, as well as the risks of considering humans as a technological product or as a device.
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Dates et versions

hal-00989569 , version 1 (12-05-2014)

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  • HAL Id : hal-00989569 , version 1

Citer

Selim Eskiizmirliler, Jérôme Goffette. Brain Machine Interface (BMI) as a tool for understanding human-machine cooperation. Simone Bateman, Jean Gayon, Sylvie Allouche, Jérôme Goffette, Michela Marzano. Inquiring into Human Enhancement, Palgrave MacMillan, pp.307-339, 2015. ⟨hal-00989569⟩
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