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Article Dans Une Revue Cognitive Science Année : 2012

Computational evidence that frequency trajectory theory does not oppose but emerges from age-of-acquisition theory.

Résumé

According to the age-of-acquisition hypothesis, words acquired early in life are processed faster and more accurately than words acquired later. Connectionist models have begun to explore the influence of the age/order of acquisition of items (and also their frequency of encounter). This study attempts to reconcile two different methodological and theoretical approaches (proposed by Lambon Ralph & Ehsan, 2006 and Zevin & Seidenberg, 2002) to age-limited learning effects. The current simulations extend the findings reported by Zevin and Seidenberg (2002) that have shown that frequency trajectories (FTs) have limited and specific effects on word-reading tasks. Using the methodological framework proposed by Lambon Ralph and Ehsan (2006), which makes it possible to compare word-reading and picture-naming tasks in connectionist networks, we were able to show that FT has a considerable influence on age-limited learning effects in a picture naming task. The findings show that when the input-output mappings are arbitrary (simulating picture naming tasks), the links formed by the network become entrenched as a result of early experience and that subsequent variations in frequency of exposure of the items have only a minor impact. In contrast, when the mappings between input-output are quasi-systematic or systematic (simulating word-reading tasks), the training of new items was generalized and resulted in the suppression of age-limited learning effects. At a theoretical level, we suggest that FT, which simultaneously takes account of time and the level of exposure across time, represents a more precise and modulated measure compared with the order of introduction of the items and may lead to innovative hypotheses in the field of age-limited learning effects.
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Dates et versions

hal-00965101 , version 1 (24-03-2014)

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Martial Mermillod, Patrick Bonin, Alain Méot, Ludovic Ferrand, Michel Paindavoine. Computational evidence that frequency trajectory theory does not oppose but emerges from age-of-acquisition theory.. Cognitive Science, 2012, 36 (8), pp.1499-531. ⟨10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01266.x⟩. ⟨hal-00965101⟩
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