An experimental study was carried out on a twin-disc machine to study the influence of various parameters on the resistance to micropitting of steel discs. The slide-to-roll ratio (SRR = sliding speed/mean rolling speed) was shown to have a great influence on surface-initiated pitting, which occurs even for low sliding speeds. Metallographic studies revealed the disadvantages of atmospheric pressure heat treatments compared to low-pressure ones: discontinuities such as oxides under the surface favor crack propagation. The load applied on the discs and thus the contact pressuredid not affect the micropitting of the surfaces in the range studied. The effects of surface machining and surface treatments were finally considered: ground surfaces showed better resistance to micropitting than surfaces obtained by turning, and the benefits of shot peening were exposed. The influence of surface roughness and material properties on the resistance to pitting is discussed in the light of these results.