The study of the charcoal producing forest of the upper Dordogne valley is associated with a collective research project called "geohistory and geoarchaeology of the Limousin foresters' land" led by Geolab. The upper Dordogne valley is a unique massif of 1000 square kilometres of sloping forests located in the French regions of Auvergne and Limousin. This wide natural area offers a very interesting environment in which to exercise a biogeographical approach, but it has a little-known historical context. Indeed, this forest was exploited during both modern and contemporaneous times for its charcoal which was transported via the Dordogne River to the Bordeaux economical basin. Everywhere in these sloping forests, the vestiges of this activity are present. There are thousands of charcoal burning sites form the archaeobotanical corpus. This paper focuses on the charcoal analysis of 11 charcoal burning sites. The first anthracological results indicate a change in the arboreal composition of the forested landscape during the past three or four centuries. In this case, anthracology allows us to piece together the history of the tree diversity, which was influenced by charcoal burning.