The City of Cape Town was created in December 2000 in answer to a dual objective : the dismantling of the administrative tools of a segregated city under apartheid, and the reform of local institutions in the aim of furthering the transformation of urban society. Through the institutions piloting urban technical networks, local authorities were soon faced with the problem of extreme social inequality, which only worsened with time. As shown by the example of the water supply, the process of unifying the metropole depended on balancing out efficiency and fairness, challenges of a practical nature and the objectives of urban integration promised by the political power, but is also being carried out thanks to the influence on the government of New Public Management theories.