This article outlines the evolution of the Ammassalik population over a century, since its discovery by the Danes in 1884, until today as global warming is starting affect human activities. The Ammassalimiit Inuit ethnic group living on the east coast of Greenland remained in isolation for a long time, until recently. In her presentation of the ethno-history of this former isolate now open to the outside world, the author has focused on demographic aspects, in which she was able to track changes during repeated field trips between 1967 and 2007. In Ammassalik, as in most indigenous communities in the Arctic, the process of demographic transition has been accompanied by other socio-economic and cultural changes considered in this article.