The purpose of these lectures is to introduce the notion of a Stokes-perverse sheaf as a receptacle for the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for holonomic D-modules. They develop the original idea of P. Deligne in dimension one, and make it enter the frame of perverse sheaves. They also give a first step for a general definition in higher dimension, and make explicit particular cases of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence, relying on recent results of T. Mochizuki.