Widespread diffusion of mobile learning applications in recent years raises several questions on the dynamics of learning processes and learner profiles. This paper examines smartphone-based learning processes and the main factors influencing them. The paper also examines the potential contribution of Self-Directed Learning (SDL), and how it could support mobile learning processes. A framework for mobile-based learning is proposed as a step towards the development of a living lab-based experimental protocol. This research highlights the first of several SDL application lifecycle steps: the elaboration of mobile learning content including the integration of the future users in this design process through a living labs approach