Force fluctuations in a pushed granular material
Résumé
We analyse the time evolution of stresses in a noncohesive granular bed cut by the motion of a tool. Our numerical simulations both in two and three dimensions reveal large fluctuations of the force acting on the tool. These fluctuations have a decreasing exponential distribution. We find that, in spite of fluctuations, the mean force is well fitted by an analytical form obtained from a limit analysis with Coulomb's failure criterion.
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