Cement based materials are porous, may contain organic adjuvants, and thus possesses an important primary bioreceptivity. To preserve constructions from fungal colonization and to act efficiently against fungal biodeterioration, it is necessary to have a better understanding of biodeterioration mechanisms and its effects on materials properties. An accelerated laboratory test which allows us to compare the growth of three fungal strains and the aesthetic biodeterioration of a cementitious matrix was developed. As the surface pH of the fresh cement specimen is too high to allow fungal growth (pH ~12), accelerating weathering of the matrix, consisting of the combination of carbonation and leaching, was performed to reduce the matrix alkalinity. XRD analyses and SEM observations pointed out that the matrix surface is progressively covered by a calcium carbonate layer as the weathering increases. Results point out that the microbial growth occurs on matrix with a surface composition more like a limestone than a cementitious one.