Multi-sensor imaging of plant stresses: Towards the development of a stress-catalogue
Résumé
Agricultural production is limited by a wide range of abiotic (e.g. drought, water-logging) and biotic (pests, diseases and weeds) stresses. The impacts of these stresses can be minimized by appropriate management action such as irrigation or chemical pesticide application, but further optimization requires the ability to diagnose and quantify the different stresses at an early stage. Effective diagnostic techniques allow both improvement of crop yield and optimization of the use of resources such as irrigation water and an opportunity to reduce applications of potentially harmful high amounts of pesticides. By virtue of their non-contact sensing and spatial resolution, imaging techniques can reveal the changing appearance of a plant crop, as determined by growth and affected by the naturally occurring stress factors. Particularly valuable information of plant stress responses is provided by (a) thermal imaging which primarily detects changes in transpiration rate and (b) fluorescence sensing which may indicate functioning of photosynthesis and other physiological processes. These can be supplemented by conventional video imagery for study of growth. An efficient early warning system would need to discriminate between different stressors. Given the wide range of sensors, and the association of specific plant physiological responses with changes at particular wavelengths, this goal seems within reach. In this paper we first review the diagnostic effectiveness of different individual imaging techniques, and then extend this to the multi-sensor stress-identification approach.
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