Nonequilibrium fluctuations in a resistor - Archive ouverte HAL
Pré-Publication, Document De Travail Année : 2004

Nonequilibrium fluctuations in a resistor

Nicolas Garnier
Ciliberto Sergio
  • Fonction : Auteur
  • PersonId : 829236

Résumé

In small systems where relevant energies are comparable to thermal agitation, fluctuations are of the order of average values. In systems in thermodynamical equilibrium, the variance of these fluctuations can be related to the dissipation constant in the system, exploiting the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem (FDT)~\cite{Johnson,Nyquist,FDT}. In non-equilibrium steady systems, Fluctuations Theorems (FT)~\cite{ECM,GC,Cohen1,Cohen} additionally describe symmetry properties of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the fluctuations of injected and dissipated energies. We experimentally probe a model system: an electrical dipole driven out of equilibrium by a small constant current $I$, and show that FT are experimentally accessible and valid. Furthermore, we stress that FT can be used to measure the dissipated power $\bar{\cal P}=RI^2$ in the system by just studying the PDFs symmetries.
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Dates et versions

hal-00002254 , version 1 (21-07-2004)

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Nicolas Garnier, Ciliberto Sergio. Nonequilibrium fluctuations in a resistor. 2004. ⟨hal-00002254⟩
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