The near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between one-dimensional metamaterials comprised of phonon dielectric multilayers was investigated experimentally. Large-size (1 × 1 cm2) near-field samples were fabricated using Si⁢C, Si⁢O2, and Ge layers at a certain gap distance, and the effects of layer-stacking order and phonon-resonance quality on NFRHT were examined. The measured results show good agreement with the theoretical results obtained by employing the transmission-matrix method. Super-Planckian thermal radiation was observed between emitters and receivers with identical structures. The failure of effective-medium theory (EMT) at predicting the near-field heat flux has been evidenced by measurements, particularly in the presence of bounded surface modes, such as the epsilon-near-zero mode. Additionally, analyses have shown that, in specific scenarios, the EMT can offer reasonable physical insights into the underlying coupling process from the perspective of homogenized media. Furthermore, the conditions for applying the EMT in the near-field regime were also touched upon.