Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020 - Archive ouverte en agrobiosciences Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Veterinary Research Année : 2024

Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020

Résumé

In 2020, a new genotype of swine H1N2 influenza virus (H1avN2–HA 1C.2.4) was identified in France. It rapidly spread within the pig population and supplanted the previously predominant H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1 virus. To characterize this new genotype which is genetically and antigenically distant from the other H1avNx viruses detected in France, an experimental study was conducted to compare the outcomes of H1avN2 and H1avN1 infections in pigs and evaluate the protection conferred by the only inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe containing an HA 1C (clade 1C.2.2) antigen. Infection with H1avN2 induced stronger clinical signs and earlier shedding than H1avN1. The neutralizing antibodies produced following H1avN2 infection were unable to neutralize H1avN1, and vice versa, whereas the cellular-mediated immunity cross-reacted. Vaccination slightly altered the impact of H1avN2 infection at the clinical level, but did not prevent shedding of infectious virus particles. It induced a cellular-mediated immune response towards H1avN2, but did not produce neutralizing antibodies against this virus. As in vaccinated animals, animals previously infected by H1avN1 developed a cross-reacting cellular immune response but no neutralizing antibodies against H1avN2. However, H1avN1 pre-infection induced a better protection against the H1avN2 infection than vaccination, probably due to higher levels of non-neutralizing antibodies and a mucosal immunity. Altogether, these results showed that the new H1avN2 genotype induced a severe respiratory infection and that the actual vaccine was less effective against this H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4 than against H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1, which may have contributed to the H1avN2 epizootic and dissemination in pig farms in France.
Fichier principal
Vignette du fichier
13567_2024_Article_1319.pdf (1.36 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
13567_2024_1319_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (489.23 Ko) Télécharger le fichier
Origine Publication financée par une institution
Origine Publication financée par une institution

Dates et versions

hal-04588373 , version 1 (27-05-2024)

Licence

Identifiants

Citer

Céline Deblanc, Stéphane Quéguiner, Stéphane Gorin, Gautier Richard, Angélique Moro, et al.. Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020. Veterinary Research, 2024, 55 (1), pp.65. ⟨10.1186/s13567-024-01319-5⟩. ⟨hal-04588373⟩
0 Consultations
0 Téléchargements

Altmetric

Partager

Gmail Mastodon Facebook X LinkedIn More