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            <title xml:lang="en">Working, Holding Out, Resisting in Agriculture: Determinants and Dynamics of Role Strain, Strategies and Resources</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Working, Holding Out, Resisting in Agriculture: Determinants and Dynamics of Role Strain, Strategies and Resources</title>
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                <authority type="supervisor">Jocelyne ABRAHAM</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Séverine Ventolini</authority>
                <authority type="jury">François Grima [Rapporteur]</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Anne Loubès [Rapporteur]</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Mélia Arras-Djabi</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Nathalie Dubost</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Valérie Barraud-Didier</authority>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Role conflict</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Paradoxes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Contradiction</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Role ambiguity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Creativity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Innovation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Role strain</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Optimism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Farmers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Agricultural sector</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Agricultural worlds</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Farms</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Farms and agricultural practices</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Health</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Quality at work</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Working conditions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Psychological capital</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Longitudinal Analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Self efficacy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Hope</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Women farmers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Resiliency</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Climate changes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Adaptation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Adjustment</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Injunction</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Adaptatation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Contradiction</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Agricultrices</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Ambiguité de rôle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Creativité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Innovation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Conflit de rôle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Recherche longitudinale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Agriculteurs</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Stratégies</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Conditions de travai</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Qualité de vie au travail</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Santé</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Capital psychologique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Ressources</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Ajustement</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Coping</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Injonctions</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Transitions</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Auto efficacité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Tensions de rôle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Monde agricole</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Modèle familial</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Paradoxes</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Exploitation agricole</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Ferme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Pratiques professionnelles</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Changements climatiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Résilience</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Optimisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Espoir</term>
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              <p>Farmers form a social and professional group at the crossroads of numerous stakeholders’ expectations and multifactorial changes forming a framework conducive to the perception of role strain. While our literature review suggests the relevance of such a conceptual approach, we nevertheless observe the scarcity of work focusing on farmers’ perceived role strain. Our research then focuses, through a qualitative study, on characterizing this role strain perceived by French farmers close to the family farming model and understanding how they deal with it. In this context, we are interested in adjustment and adaptation strategies, and highlight the specific role of resources. Our longitudinal research also aims to understand the role played by time in the dynamics studied. Our embedded longitudinal case study and analysis of 51 life history interviews collected between 2019 and 2023 from 21 French farmers then suggest the perception of multifaceted role strain and five evolutionary dynamics: the transcendence of role strain through role evolution, its disappearance, stabilization, aggravation and multiplication. Proactive, flexible and combined strategies enable farmers to deal with it effectively. We characterize them and show the central role played by resources in this dynamic. Thus, we show that resources making up psychological capital, combined with other resources having a strong intrinsic and transactional value such as health, time, money, social support and knowledge contribute to an efficient management of role strain. Our research finally suggests possible gains emerging from farmers' experiences: better self-knowledge, reinforcement, clarification, innovative behavior.</p>
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              <p>Les agriculteurs forment un groupe social et professionnel à la croisée de parties prenantes nombreuses et de changements multifactoriels formant un cadre propice à la perception de tensions de rôle. Si notre revue de littérature suggère la pertinence d’une telle approche conceptuelle, nous observons pourtant la rareté des travaux centrés sur les tensions de rôle perçues par les agriculteurs. Notre recherche s’attache alors à caractériser les tensions de rôle perçues par des agriculteurs proches du modèle familial et à comprendre comment ils leur font face. Dans ce cadre, nous nous intéressons aux stratégies d’ajustement et d’adaptation mobilisées, et mettons en évidence le rôle spécifique des ressources. Notre recherche à caractère longitudinal vise en outre à comprendre le rôle joué par le temps dans les dynamiques étudiées. Notre étude de cas longitudinale enchâssée et l’analyse de 51 récits de vie collectés entre 2019 et 2023 auprès de 21 agriculteurs de la Région Centre-Val de Loire suggèrent alors la perception de tensions de rôle multiformes et cinq dynamiques d’évolution : la transcendance des tensions de rôle par l’évolution des rôles, leur disparition, leur stabilisation, leur aggravation et leur multiplication. Des stratégies proactives, flexibles et combinées permettent aux agriculteurs d’y faire face efficacement. Nous les caractérisons et montrons le rôle central joué par les ressources internes et externes dans cette dynamique.  Ainsi, nous montrons que les ressources composant le capital psychologique, combinées à d’autres ressources ayant une valeur propre et transactionnelle forte telles que la santé, le temps, l’argent, le soutien social et les connaissances contribuent à une gestion efficiente des tensions de rôle. Notre recherche suggère enfin les gains possibles émergeant des expériences vécues par les agriculteurs : meilleure connaissance de soi, renforcement, clarification, comportements innovants.</p>
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