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            <title xml:lang="en">Romanesque bindings from the Library of ClairvauxBiocodicology and archaeology</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Les reliures romanes de la bibliothèque de Clairvauxétude archéologique et biocodicologique</title>
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                <forename type="first">Élodie</forename>
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                <forename>Élodie</forename>
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              <date type="whenSubmitted">2022-10-21 10:25:30</date>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">Héritage culturel et muséologie. Université Paris Nanterre, 2020. Français. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://www.theses.fr/"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;NNT : &amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Romanesque bindings from the Library of ClairvauxBiocodicology and archaeology</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Les reliures romanes de la bibliothèque de Clairvauxétude archéologique et biocodicologique</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Élodie</forename>
                    <surname>Lévêque</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">54f0accf17af23618ee45a9f7894fdf5</email>
                  <email type="domain">palaeome.org</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">elodie-leveque</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1177207</idno>
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                  <date type="dateDefended">2020-05-27</date>
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                <authority type="institution">Université Paris Nanterre</authority>
                <authority type="supervisor">François Bougard</authority>
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                <term xml:lang="en">twelfth century</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">history of libraries.</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">thirteenth century</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Cistercians</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Clairvaux abbey</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">biocodicology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">medieval manuscript</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Romanesque bindings</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">seal skin</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">biomolecular analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">manuscrits médiévaux</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">reliure romane</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">peau de phoque</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">biocodicologie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">analyses biomoléculaires</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">abbaye de Clairvaux</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Cisterciens</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">XIIe siècle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">XIIIe siècle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">histoire des bibliothèques.</term>
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              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.museo">Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.hist">Humanities and Social Sciences/History</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.art">Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history</classCode>
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              <p>Cette recherche se concentre sur l'étude des reliures romanes de labibliothèque de l'abbaye de Clairvaux, qui représente à l’heure actuelle la plusgrande collection romane connue. Sur les 168 reliures étudiées, une série recouvertede peau de phoque a retenu notre attention. Si la collection de Clairvaux a conservéle plus grand nombre de chemises velues, l'ensemble de l’ordre cistercien semble enavoir fait largement usage au cours des XIIe et XIIIe siècles.Bien que la majeure partie de la collection ait été reliée de la même manière, seules18 reliures de Clairvaux ont conservé leur état d'origine avec leurs chemises presqueintactes. Ces dernières sont décrites dans les catalogues modernes comme étant de lapeau de sanglier ou de cerf. Cependant, sous microscope, la distribution desfollicules pileux ne correspond à aucun de ces deux animaux. En vue d’identifierl’origine animale des chemises, des analyses protéomiques et génomiques noninvasives ont été menées. La première a permis d’identifier les peaux de pinnipèdes.L'utilisation de peaux de phoque en Champagne, à une distance considérable de lamer, est curieuse. De plus, il n'y a aucune preuve archéologique de populations dephoques sur les côtes françaises au Moyen Âge. Le séquençage ADN a en outrepermis de résoudre la question de l’origine géographique de six documents,suggérant un commerce important de peaux de phoque comme marchandise,possiblement sur les foires de Champagne. L'étude biocodicologique des reliurespermet de mesurer l’implication des cisterciens dans le commerce international, maiségalement d’appréhender l'aspect physique des manuscrits à l’origine.La collection romane de Clairvaux offre aussi l'opportunité d'étudier des reliures deprovenance extérieure, comme celles réalisées pour le prince Henri dans un atelierurbain, ou encore les structures de voyage souples qui donnent une idée beaucoupplus large de la production de reliures romanes françaises de l’époque.</p>
            </abstract>
            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>This research focuses on the study of Romanesque bindings fromClairvaux abbey’s library, which is the largest known Romanesque collection. Out ofthe 168 bindings studied, a series covered in sealskin drew our attention. While theClairvaux collection retains the largest number of hairy chemises, the use of suchmaterial seems to have been widely employed by the Cistercian order during the12th and 13th C.Although most of the collection would have been bound in the same way, only 18Clairvaux bindings remain in their original state with their chemises almost intact.The chemises are described in modern catalogues as boar- or deer-skin. However,under magnified examination, the distribution of the hair follicle doesn’t matcheither animal. To try to identify the animal origin of the chemises we applied noninvasiveproteomic and genomic analyses. Proteomic analysis identified the skins asbelonging to pinnipeds. The use of seal skins in Champagne, at a considerabledistance from the sea, is curious. In addition, there is no archaeological evidence ofseal populations on the French coast in the middle ages. DNA sequences furtherresolved the geographical origin for six documents, suggesting an important tradein seal skins as a commodity, possibly at the Champagne fairs. The biocodicologicalstudy of the bindings helps us understand not only the extent of trading in which theCistercians were involved but also the original physical appearance of themanuscripts.Clairvaux’s Romanesque collection also provides an opportunity to study bindingsof external provenance, such as those made for Prince Henri in a city-basedworkshop, or limp travelling structures that give a broader idea of FrenchRomanesque binding production of the time.</p>
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          <orgName>Københavns Universitet = University of Copenhagen = Université de Copenhague</orgName>
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