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            <title xml:lang="en">The community development corporations in Boston : ethnography of a professional territory in construction</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Non profit organization</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Work</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Commitment</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Housing</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Travail</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Engagement</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Logement</term>
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              <p>Taking the case of community development corporations (CDCs) in the city of Boston in the United States, this dissertation questions the construction of a structured professional territory in the social and physical space of the community. These CDCs operating in poor neighborhoods embody the evolution of the community development field and the professionalization of committed organizations in the field of housing and in multiple economic and social activities. In this context, this thesis aims to identify the community space as a network of actors and a set of spatial practices. After explaining its institutionalization by the state and a group of actors, this dissertation proposes to study the organizational structure of the CDCs as the result of a combination of real estate activities and a social movement. Examined from its emergence during the sixties to the economy and financial crisis of 2007-2011, this analysis is based on the methods of social network analysis and an ethnographic exploration of professional identifies shaped by the commitment and movement of individuals in the space of the community. Situations of collective affirmation of the existence of CDCs illustrate this territorial extension of the practices and the tensions it has on the players who take part of it. Finally, the identification of this professional territory is viewed through the experience of the economic crisis and housing mortgages generating relationships between actors and in which the community becomes both a space for change and adaptation to face an unstable situation.</p>
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              <p>En prenant le cas des sociétés de développement communautaire (CDCs) dans la ville de Boston aux Etats-Unis, cette thèse interroge la construction d'un territoire professionnel structuré dans l'espace social et physique qu'est la community. Ces organisations inscrites dans des quartiers populaires incarnent l'évolution des pratiques du développement communautaire et la professionnalisation d'un mouvement associatif engagé dans le domaine du logement et dans de multiples activités économiques et sociales. Pour cela, cette thèse entend identifier cet espace qu'est la community comme un réseau d'acteurs et un ensemble de pratiques spatialisées. Après en avoir saisi son institutionnalisation par l'Etat et un ensemble d'acteurs, la thèse propose d'étudier la structure organisationnelle de la CDC comme la résultante d'une action dans le domaine immobilier et d'un mouvement social. Examinée à partir de son émergence durant les années soixante jusqu'à la crise économique et financière de 2007-2011 cette analyse se base sur des méthodes d'analyse de réseaux sociaux et une exploration ethnographique des identités professionnelles façonnées par l'engagement individuel dans l'espace de la community. Des situations d'affirmation collective d'existence des CDCs illustrent cette extension territoriale des pratiques et les tensions qu'elle exerce sur les acteurs qui y prennent part. Enfin, l'identification de ce territoire professionnel est observée à travers l'expérience de la crise économique et des crédits immobiliers au cours de laquelle la community devient à la fois un espace propice au changement et un espace d'adaptation face à une situation instable.</p>
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