Higher convergence of human-great ape enteric eukaryotic viromes in central African forest than in a European zoo: A One Health analysis
Résumé
Human-animal pathogenic transmissions threaten both human and animal health, and the processes catalyzing zoonotic spillover and spillback are complex. Prior field studies offer partial insight into these processes but overlook animal ecologies and human perceptions and practices facilitating human-animal contact. Conducted in Cameroon and a European zoo, this integrative study elucidates these processes, incorporating metagenomic, historical, anthropological and great ape ecological analyses, and real-time evaluation of human-great ape contact types and frequencies. We find more enteric eukaryotic virome sharing between Cameroonian humans and great apes than in the zoo, virome convergence between Cameroonian humans and gorillas, and adenovirus and enterovirus taxa as most frequently shared between Cameroonian humans and great apes. Together with physical contact from hunting, meat handling and fecal exposure, overlapping human cultivation and gorilla pillaging in forest gardens help explain these findings. Our multidisciplinary study identifies environmental co-use as a complementary mechanism for viral sharing.
Mots clés
Anthropozoonosis
Zooanthroponosis
great apes
Virome reconstruction
Anthropological analysis
African animals
Eukaryotic Cells
Virome diversity
European zoological parks
Pathogenic transmissions
Animal genome
Human genomics
Zoonotic spillover
Human-animal contact
Metagenomic Analysis
Cameroonian humans
Gorilla pillaging
Human cultivation
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