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            <title xml:lang="en">Socioeconomic position and lung cancer risk: how important is the modeling of smoking?</title>
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              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thomas Matukala</forename>
                <surname>Nkosi</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Marie-Élise</forename>
                <surname>Parent</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Jack</forename>
                <surname>Siemiatycki</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Marie-Claude</forename>
                <surname>Rousseau</surname>
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              <persName>
                <forename>Charles M.</forename>
                <surname>Dozois</surname>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Epidemiology&lt;/i&gt;, 2012, 23 (3), pp.377-85. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824d0548"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824d0548&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Socioeconomic position and lung cancer risk: how important is the modeling of smoking?</title>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thomas Matukala</forename>
                    <surname>Nkosi</surname>
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                  <idno type="halauthorid">652859-0</idno>
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                    <forename type="first">Marie-Élise</forename>
                    <surname>Parent</surname>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jack</forename>
                    <surname>Siemiatycki</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">652861-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-54664"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-200335"/>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marie-Claude</forename>
                    <surname>Rousseau</surname>
                  </persName>
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                <idno type="issn">1044-3983</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1531-5487</idno>
                <title level="j">Epidemiology</title>
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                  <publisher>Lippincott, Williams &amp; Wilkins</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">23</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">377-85</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2012-05</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2012-03-13</date>
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              <classCode scheme="mesh">Quebec</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Risk Factors</classCode>
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              <classCode scheme="mesh">Lung Neoplasms</classCode>
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              <p>BACKGROUND: Although it has been reported that low socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with lung cancer, the extent to which this reflects SEP differences in cigarette smoking is unclear. We investigated how various modeling approaches for smoking might influence this observed association. METHODS: We used data from a case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada (1996-2002), comprising 1203 subjects with incident lung cancer and 1513 population controls. SEP was measured by census-based and self-reported income, residential value, education level, and occupational class. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression, and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was used to compare model fit. RESULTS: Associations were observed between SEP indicators and lung cancer, but gradually disappeared with more comprehensive adjustment for smoking. For comparisons of the highest to lowest categories of census-based income, the OR for lung cancer was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.32-1.05) when adjusting only for smoking status (never, former, current), but 0.97 (0.51-1.86) when adjusting for smoking status, cigarette-years, and time since cessation. For comparisons of highest to lowest levels of education, the ORs for lung cancer were 0.50 (0.38-0.65) and 0.76 (0.57-1.02), when making the least and most comprehensive adjustments for smoking, respectively. Similarly, comparing highly skilled with unskilled manual workers, the ORs were 0.78 (0.54-1.12) and 1.00 (0.68-1.47), respectively. With thorough smoking adjustment, associations between SEP indicators and lung cancer virtually disappeared, and SEP did not improve model fit. CONCLUSIONS: Previously reported associations of SEP with lung cancer may be attributable to incomplete adjustment for smoking. Our findings underline the importance of adjusting for several dimensions of smoking behavior to make correct inferences.</p>
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          <orgName>Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Research Centre</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INRS-AFSB</orgName>
          <date type="start">1938-01-01</date>
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            <address>
              <addrLine>531 boul. des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7</addrLine>
              <country key="CA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://inrs.ca/en/inrs/research-centres/armand-frappier-sante-biotechnologie-research-centre/</ref>
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          <orgName>Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</orgName>
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              <addrLine>Montréal, Québec</addrLine>
              <country key="CA"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
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          <orgName>Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal</orgName>
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          <orgName>Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec]</orgName>
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              <addrLine>490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9</addrLine>
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            <ref type="url">http://www.inrs.ca/</ref>
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          <orgName>Pasteur Network (Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur)</orgName>
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              <addrLine>25, rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15</addrLine>
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          <orgName>Université de Montréal</orgName>
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              <addrLine>2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4</addrLine>
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