Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT
A. A. Abdo
,
Markus Ackermann
,
Marco Ajello
,
Luca Baldini
,
Jean Ballet
(1)
,
Guido Barbiellini
,
M. G. Baring
,
D. Bastieri
,
B. M. Baughman
,
K. Bechtol
,
R. Bellazzini
,
B. Berenji
,
R. D. Blandford
,
E. D. Bloom
,
E. Bonamente
,
A. W. Borgland
,
J. Bregeon
,
A. Brez
,
M. Brigida
,
Pascal Bruel
(2)
,
T. H. Burnett
,
S. Buson
,
G. A. Caliandro
,
R. A. Cameron
,
P. A. Caraveo
,
J. M. Casandjian
(1)
,
C. Cecchi
,
Ö. Çelik
,
A. Chekhtman
,
C. C. Cheung
,
J. Chiang
,
S. Ciprini
,
R. Claus
,
Ismaël Cognard
(3)
,
J. Cohen-Tanugi
(4)
,
L. R. Cominsky
,
J. Conrad
,
S. Cutini
,
C. D. Dermer
,
A. de Angelis
,
F. de Palma
,
S. W. Digel
,
E. Do Couto E Silva
,
P. S. Drell
,
R. Dubois
,
D. Dumora
(5)
,
C. Espinoza
,
C. Farnier
(4)
,
C. Favuzzi
,
S. J. Fegan
(2)
,
W. B. Focke
,
P. Fortin
(2)
,
M. Frailis
,
Y. Fukazawa
,
S. Funk
,
P. Fusco
,
F. Gargano
,
D. Gasparrini
,
N. Gehrels
,
S. Germani
,
G. Giavitto
,
B. Giebels
(2)
,
N. Giglietto
,
F. Giordano
,
T. Glanzman
,
G. Godfrey
,
I. A. Grenier
(1)
,
M.-H. Grondin
(5)
,
J. E. Grove
,
L. Guillemot
(5)
,
S. Guiriec
(4)
,
Y. Hanabata
,
A. K. Harding
,
M. Hayashida
,
E. Hays
,
R. E. Hughes
,
M. S. Jackson
,
G. Jóhannesson
,
A. S. Johnson
,
T. J. Johnson
,
W. N. Johnson
,
T. Kamae
,
H. Katagiri
,
J. Kataoka
,
J. Katsuta
,
N. Kawai
,
M. Kerr
,
Jürgen Knödlseder
(6)
,
M. L. Kocian
,
M. Kramer
,
M. Kuss
,
J. Lande
,
L. Latronico
,
M. Lemoine-Goumard
(5)
,
F. Longo
,
F. Loparco
,
B. Lott
(5)
,
M. N. Lovellette
,
P. Lubrano
,
A. G. Lyne
,
G. M. Madejski
,
A. Makeev
,
M. N. Mazziotta
,
J. E. Mcenery
,
C. Meurer
,
P. F. Michelson
,
W. Mitthumsiri
,
T. Mizuno
,
C. Monte
,
M. E. Monzani
,
A. Morselli
,
I. V. Moskalenko
,
S. Murgia
,
T. Nakamori
,
P. L. Nolan
,
J. P. Norris
,
A. Noutsos
,
E. Nuss
(4)
,
T. Ohsugi
,
N. Omodei
,
E. Orlando
,
J. F. Ormes
,
D. Paneque
,
D. Parent
(5)
,
V. Pelassa
(4)
,
M. Pepe
,
M. Pesce-Rollins
,
F. Piron
(4)
,
T.A. Porter
,
S. Rainò
,
R. Rando
,
M. Razzano
,
A. Reimer
,
O. Reimer
,
T. Reposeur
(5)
,
L. S. Rochester
,
A. Y. Rodriguez
,
R. W. Romani
,
M. Roth
,
F. Ryde
,
H. F.-W. Sadrozinski
,
D. Sanchez
(2)
,
A. Sander
,
P. M. Saz Parkinson
,
J. D. Scargle
,
C. Sgrò
(2)
,
E. J. Siskind
,
David Stanley Smith
(5)
,
P. D. Smith
,
G. Spandre
,
P. Spinelli
,
B. W. Stappers
,
F. W. Stecker
,
M. S. Strickman
,
D. J. Suson
,
H. Tajima
,
‡ H. Takahashi
,
T. Takahashi
,
T. Tanaka
,
J.B. Thayer
,
J. G. Thayer
,
Gilles Theureau
(3, 7)
,
D. J. Thompson
,
L. Tibaldo
(1)
,
O. Tibolla
,
D. F. Torres
,
G. Tosti
,
A. Tramacere
,
Y. Uchiyama
,
T.L. Usher
,
V. Vasileiou
,
C. Venter
,
N. Vilchez
(6)
,
V. Vitale
,
A. P. Waite
,
P. Wang
,
B. L. Winer
,
K. S. Wood
,
R. Yamazaki
,
T. Ylinen
,
M. Ziegler
1
AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) -
Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
2 LLR - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
3 LPCE - Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement
4 LPTA - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules
5 CENBG - Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan
6 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
7 USN - Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay
2 LLR - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
3 LPCE - Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement
4 LPTA - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules
5 CENBG - Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan
6 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
7 USN - Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay
A. A. Abdo
- Function : Author
Markus Ackermann
- Function : Author
Marco Ajello
- Function : Author
Luca Baldini
- Function : Author
Guido Barbiellini
- Function : Author
M. G. Baring
- Function : Author
D. Bastieri
- Function : Author
B. M. Baughman
- Function : Author
K. Bechtol
- Function : Author
R. Bellazzini
- Function : Author
B. Berenji
- Function : Author
R. D. Blandford
- Function : Author
E. D. Bloom
- Function : Author
E. Bonamente
- Function : Author
A. W. Borgland
- Function : Author
J. Bregeon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 741214
- IdHAL : johan-bregeon
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6790-5328
- IdRef : 095856943
A. Brez
- Function : Author
M. Brigida
- Function : Author
T. H. Burnett
- Function : Author
S. Buson
- Function : Author
G. A. Caliandro
- Function : Author
R. A. Cameron
- Function : Author
P. A. Caraveo
- Function : Author
C. Cecchi
- Function : Author
Ö. Çelik
- Function : Author
A. Chekhtman
- Function : Author
C. C. Cheung
- Function : Author
J. Chiang
- Function : Author
S. Ciprini
- Function : Author
R. Claus
- Function : Author
Ismaël Cognard
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 749308
- IdHAL : ismael-cognard
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1775-9692
- IdRef : 113645031
J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 3626
- IdHAL : johann-cohen-tanugi
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9022-4232
- IdRef : 172626544
L. R. Cominsky
- Function : Author
J. Conrad
- Function : Author
S. Cutini
- Function : Author
C. D. Dermer
- Function : Author
A. de Angelis
- Function : Author
F. de Palma
- Function : Author
S. W. Digel
- Function : Author
E. Do Couto E Silva
- Function : Author
P. S. Drell
- Function : Author
R. Dubois
- Function : Author
C. Espinoza
- Function : Author
C. Favuzzi
- Function : Author
S. J. Fegan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 740343
- IdHAL : stephen-fegan
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9978-2510
- IdRef : 253133149
W. B. Focke
- Function : Author
M. Frailis
- Function : Author
Y. Fukazawa
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760581
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0921-8837
S. Funk
- Function : Author
P. Fusco
- Function : Author
F. Gargano
- Function : Author
D. Gasparrini
- Function : Author
N. Gehrels
- Function : Author
S. Germani
- Function : Author
G. Giavitto
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761963
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7629-6499
N. Giglietto
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755413
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9021-2888
F. Giordano
- Function : Author
T. Glanzman
- Function : Author
G. Godfrey
- Function : Author
M.-H. Grondin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760583
- IdHAL : mhgrondin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8383-251X
- IdRef : 14852026X
J. E. Grove
- Function : Author
Y. Hanabata
- Function : Author
A. K. Harding
- Function : Author
M. Hayashida
- Function : Author
E. Hays
- Function : Author
R. E. Hughes
- Function : Author
M. S. Jackson
- Function : Author
G. Jóhannesson
- Function : Author
A. S. Johnson
- Function : Author
T. J. Johnson
- Function : Author
W. N. Johnson
- Function : Author
T. Kamae
- Function : Author
H. Katagiri
- Function : Author
J. Kataoka
- Function : Author
J. Katsuta
- Function : Author
N. Kawai
- Function : Author
M. Kerr
- Function : Author
Jürgen Knödlseder
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178646
- IdHAL : jurgen-knodlseder
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0014-7809
- IdRef : 069521360
M. L. Kocian
- Function : Author
M. Kramer
- Function : Author
M. Kuss
- Function : Author
J. Lande
- Function : Author
L. Latronico
- Function : Author
M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1416454
- IdHAL : marianne-lemoine-goumard
- IdRef : 111693608
F. Longo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755442
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2501-2270
F. Loparco
- Function : Author
B. Lott
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 739369
- IdHAL : benoit-lott
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2186-9242
- IdRef : 031300065
M. N. Lovellette
- Function : Author
P. Lubrano
- Function : Author
A. G. Lyne
- Function : Author
G. M. Madejski
- Function : Author
A. Makeev
- Function : Author
M. N. Mazziotta
- Function : Author
J. E. Mcenery
- Function : Author
C. Meurer
- Function : Author
P. F. Michelson
- Function : Author
W. Mitthumsiri
- Function : Author
T. Mizuno
- Function : Author
C. Monte
- Function : Author
M. E. Monzani
- Function : Author
A. Morselli
- Function : Author
I. V. Moskalenko
- Function : Author
S. Murgia
- Function : Author
T. Nakamori
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760584
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7308-2356
P. L. Nolan
- Function : Author
J. P. Norris
- Function : Author
A. Noutsos
- Function : Author
T. Ohsugi
- Function : Author
N. Omodei
- Function : Author
E. Orlando
- Function : Author
J. F. Ormes
- Function : Author
D. Paneque
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755279
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2830-0502
M. Pepe
- Function : Author
M. Pesce-Rollins
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760585
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1790-8018
F. Piron
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 172749
- IdHAL : frederic-piron
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6885-7156
T.A. Porter
- Function : Author
S. Rainò
- Function : Author
R. Rando
- Function : Author
M. Razzano
- Function : Author
A. Reimer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755465
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8604-7077
O. Reimer
- Function : Author
T. Reposeur
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 738492
- IdHAL : thierry-reposeur
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6939-3429
- IdRef : 139970665
L. S. Rochester
- Function : Author
A. Y. Rodriguez
- Function : Author
R. W. Romani
- Function : Author
M. Roth
- Function : Author
F. Ryde
- Function : Author
H. F.-W. Sadrozinski
- Function : Author
A. Sander
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760586
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5800-3835
P. M. Saz Parkinson
- Function : Author
J. D. Scargle
- Function : Author
E. J. Siskind
- Function : Author
David Stanley Smith
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 866129
P. D. Smith
- Function : Author
G. Spandre
- Function : Author
P. Spinelli
- Function : Author
B. W. Stappers
- Function : Author
F. W. Stecker
- Function : Author
M. S. Strickman
- Function : Author
D. J. Suson
- Function : Author
H. Tajima
- Function : Author
‡ H. Takahashi
- Function : Author
T. Takahashi
- Function : Author
T. Tanaka
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 756461
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4383-0368
J.B. Thayer
- Function : Author
J. G. Thayer
- Function : Author
D. J. Thompson
- Function : Author
O. Tibolla
- Function : Author
D. F. Torres
- Function : Author
G. Tosti
- Function : Author
A. Tramacere
- Function : Author
Y. Uchiyama
- Function : Author
T.L. Usher
- Function : Author
V. Vasileiou
- Function : Author
C. Venter
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755527
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2666-4812
V. Vitale
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760184
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8040-7852
A. P. Waite
- Function : Author
P. Wang
- Function : Author
B. L. Winer
- Function : Author
K. S. Wood
- Function : Author
R. Yamazaki
- Function : Author
T. Ylinen
- Function : Author
M. Ziegler
- Function : Author
Abstract
Recent observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) hint that they accelerate cosmic rays to energies close to ~1015 electron volts. However, the nature of the particles that produce the emission remains ambiguous. We report observations of SNR W44 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at energies between 2 × 108 electron volts and 3 × 1011 electron volts. The detection of a source with a morphology corresponding to the SNR shell implies that the emission is produced by particles accelerated there. The gamma-ray spectrum is well modeled with emission from protons and nuclei. Its steepening above ~109 electron volts provides a probe with which to study how particle acceleration responds to environmental effects such as shock propagation in dense clouds and how accelerated particles are released into interstellar space.