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                <term xml:lang="fr">transference</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">causal responsibility.</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">conditional probability</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">counterfactual dependence</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">explanation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">law of nature</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">causality</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">responsabilité causale. Causation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">transmission</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">probabilité conditionnelle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">dépendance contrefactuelle</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">explication</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">loi</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Causalité</term>
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              <p>La réflexion philosophique moderne sur la notion de causalité s'articule autour de son rapport au concept de loi de la nature. Cet article présente et soumet à un examen critique les conceptions majeures de la causalité développées au XXe siècle : la conception « déductive-nomologique » assimile la relation causale à une explication. Selon l'approche contrefactuelle, le rapport entre cause et effet se réduit au rapport de dépendance contrefactuelle. L'approche interventionniste ou « agentive » analyse le rapport causal à partir du rapport entre un agent et son action. L'analyse probabiliste réduit la relation causale à celle d'augmentation de probabilité. A la lumière de l'analyse critique de ces théories, il apparaît que la réduction de la causalité au transfert d'une quantité individuelle d'une grandeur conservé, en particulier d'énergie, est en mesure d'éviter les difficultés auxquelles elles se heurtent. Cependant, la relation objective qui correspond à la notion commune de causalité, contient, outre le transfert entre événements, un aspect nomologique : un fait est causalement responsable d'un autre fait s'il existe une loi de la nature en vertu de laquelle le premier détermine le second. Modern philosophical thinking about the notion of causation revolves around its relation to the concept of law of nature. This article presents and critically examines the major conceptions of causation developed in the 20th century: the deductive-nomological approach assimilates causation to explanation. The counterfactual analysis reduces the relation between cause and effect in terms of the relation of counterfactual dependence. The interventionist or agentive approach analyses causation in terms of the relation between an agent and its actions. According to the probabilistic analysis, causation is grounded on the augmentation of probability. In light of our analysis of these accounts, it appears that the reduction of causation to the transference of an individual amount of a conserved quantity, in particular energy, can avoid the difficulties encountered by those theories. However, the common notion of causation expresses an objective relation containing, beyond the relation of transference, an aspect of causal responsibility, by which one fact determines another in virtue of a law of nature.</p>
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