Aiming at setting the scene, the introduction to this collective work presents our understanding of international biodiversity law in the context of this project. It highlights how this branch of international law is far-reaching both in terms of topics and temporality. It discusses the current centrality of the Convention on Biological Diversity for international biodiversity law as a whole and the unfortunate lack of effectiveness of this branch. Yet, litigation appears as one of the tools that can help to facilitate better implementation of biodiversity law and policies. As shown by climate change litigation, judges are increasingly contributing to counterbalance the discrepancy between the international commitments of states and their inadequate implementation. Surprisingly, biodiversity litigation has not been explored in a systematic way by legal scholarship. It is this shortcoming that this collective work aims to remedy. The introduction highlights the methodology chosen to study biodiversity litigation and the rationale for the selection of the case studies. It also exposes and justifies the set of questions that the contributing authors have been asked to answer.