Qur'anic Exegesis in Manding: The Example of a Bamana Oral Commentary on Sūrat al-Raḥmān *
Résumé
This chapter attempts to provide an overview of the practice of oral Qur'an exegesis in Mali, and more widely among Manding speakers in their own languages. It is based primarily on personal fieldwork. However, whenever possible, on the basis of the literature, comparisons will be made to other regions and peoples of West Africa. The social and cultural contexts in which Qur'an exegesis takes place, its doctrinal sources and clues as to its history, the specialised scholarly language that has been developed to express Islamic contents and some characteristic themes will be successively considered. The latter two topics will be illustrated through a commentary on Sūrat al-Raḥmān (Q. 55), collected from a Bamana-speaking scholar from the Segu area, presented in Bamana transcription and English translation. Together with a commentary on Sūrat al-Wāqi a (Q. 56), that has recently appeared, this is probably the first time that a longer Qur'an commentary, as enunciated orally in a West African language and in a close-to-customary setting, has been transcribed and published. 1 The appended commentary, collected in 1992 and of about fifty minutes' duration, was one of the first recorded from this scholar of Somono lineage; a full tafsīr (totalling about ninety hours) was subsequently recorded, proceeding in the order of the Book, in 1994, 1996 and 1998. 2 All the commentaries were enunciated in the presence of his students, and, in
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