France is formally engaged on the road to ecological transition since 2012 with an emphasis both on energy and biodiversity. With regard to energy, new legislation was introduced in July 2014 which, among other things, sets targets for reduction of greenhouse gases by 2030 and 2050 and aims for a percentage of 32% of renewable resources in the overall consumption of energy by 2030. It also provides for a 50% reduction of the nuclear sector in the production of overall production of electricity by 2025. However, a radical transformation of the French model in the energy section will not be easily achieved. As for biodiversity, new legislation was also tabled in May 2014, putting forward new concepts and approaches. Again, however, there will be challenges in implementing this initiative. For instance, it is not clear how the principle of “Ecological solidary” will be transposed on the ground. Likewise, a number of concerns have already been raised regarding measures to implement the Nagoya Protocol. As a result, the adoption of this proposed legislation has been delayed, with the priority given to the legislation on energy. Finally, the authors also comment in detail on new laws introduced in 2014 to promote agro ecology, including a law on the future of agriculture, food and forests. The following are some of the matters addressed by these laws: a new labelling regime, an expansion of the types of leasing agreements that can include environmental clauses, new obligations with regard to annual reporting of nitrogen, and many additional measures to protect agricultural and natural lands as well as forest from urban sprawl