The question of consciencious objection for religious convictions appears in many contemporary political debates If conscientious objection was an individual request, without consequences on the global or social cohesion, it seems today, at least in some of its manifestations, express a willingness of questioning the common standards or norms or of exempting part of the population of exposure to these standards,. We will base the discussion on one contemporary example : -the debate about homosexual marriage in France, asking for civil servants a right to conscientious objection