This chapter examines the profound changes that have taken place in Environmental and Energy Policy (EEP) study in and about France. It explains why and how they constitute a challenge from a substantive and an analytic perspective, as well as it accounts for its ambivalent position in comparative political research. In the French context, it argues that EEP still holds an ambivalent position as a case study in comparison with other Western democracies and as a field of study in French policy studies. This chapter develops two main arguments in order to account for this. First, the emergence of EEP study in the French context is closely related to this policy’s origins and long-held strong relationships with the ecologist movement. Second, EEP in France long constituted a challenge for both comparative political research and for classic models about the functioning of the State and policy-making in France. This chapter concludes by challenging the idea that EEP in France is sufficiently specific, as a policy domain and as a political context, to justify excluding it any further from comparative political research agendas.