After a brief presentation of the history of the Hindi theatre and the relation between the plays staged in theater halls and the folk performances, the chapter deals with two playwriters whose dramatic language has introduced, at the national as well as international level, a palpable renewal. One of them is Habib Tanveer, recently disappeared (June 2009), whom one could roughly situate as a legator of the progressive Indian Popular Theatre Association and militant theatre, the other one est Krishna Baldev Vaid, whom one could roughly situate as a distant follower of the New Story mouvement (Nai Kahani) and its existential questionning. But the militantism in the first writer involves a specific work on the traditional folk techniques as well as a Brechtian vision of theatrical action, whereas the inner questionning in the latter is more metaphysical than psychological and involves a scenography of language itself, both dealing with comic and parody in a very different way.