Does the Islam/Hinduism religious rivalry have an impact on diplomacy and economic exchanges?
Résumé
Abstract The history of relations between the Indian and Muslim worlds has been tumultuous due to successive waves of Muslim invasions in India since the 9th century, often destructive and violent, because the Qur'an presents several intolerant and violent verses (4:89; 9:5). There is indeed a certain incompatibility between Indian and Islamic thought. Nevertheless, some periods have been more tolerant (Akbar) during which mutual enrichment may have been possible. But the Muslim and then European colonizations, which were able to prosper because of political divisions (rivalries between Indian kingdoms) and social divisions (castes), could not overcome the intellectual resistance due to the exceptional power of Indian thought, a thousand years old, which since India's independence has continued to regain its influence. Today, like China, India is also becoming an economic giant because of its large population (and young thanks to a policy of progressive birth control, unlike China, which will lose a large part of its population in the coming decades in demographic and social chaos) and its federal system and its democracy allowing freedom (economic in particular), but also a certain redistribution via social protection systems in the process of being set up (Kerala) bringing a certain socio-economic balance and therefore a certain political stability because happiness (of all or at least of the majority) cannot exist without freedom; freedom cannot exist without equality; equality cannot exist without the will of the majority! These important development tools for its future are nevertheless still dependent in some way on the links with the Muslim world, because India, which still has more than 200 million Muslims on its territory, has few energy resources while the Muslim world abounds in them (Gulf countries) but it can also produce the goods that these countries need. Diplomatic and economic ties are thus complex, especially since the Modi government has multiplied acts that the Muslim world may perceive as hostile (Citizenship Amendment Act ¬-2019-)... but in relation to the latent conflict with Pakistan over territorial issues concerning Kashmir, which is partly occupied by the latter, and which has been sending populations to the unoccupied part for decades to install a Muslim majority and provoke a long-term swing in its favor. This old grudge between India and Pakistan is undoubtedly the result of the desire for the partition of India by the Muslims at the time of independence, but more anciently, to the fact that the Hindus consider the Muslims as collaborators of the Muslim colonizers (like the Muslims in the former Yugoslavia at the time of the Turkish colonization of the Balkans) and perhaps even more anciently, the outcastes or low castes who were able to convert to Islam to escape their inferior condition to which they were relegated, social revenge. This situation probably also explains the diplomatic link that India maintains with Putin's Russia, even though the neo-colonial war in Ukraine should logically be denounced by India: Russia's energy supply allows India not to be too dependent on the Muslim world of the Gulf.
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